The issue is not that he's too fresh. The issue is that he has zero respect for you and wants to dominate you. Sorry, but I REALLY doubt changing feed will help - and even if it does, I don't care if my horse is fresh, I can tolerate some silliness or lack of attention maybe, but if he's being unsafe or if he attacked me like you described, there would a VERY big issue. You don't let a child punch you because they had a lot of sugar, right? Don't make excuses for him.
And, this will probably not be taken well, but I am generally anti whip, and in an extreme case like the one described, very pro a smack in the face. Another horse won't avoid his face if he attacked them, I don't make it a point to either. He tried to do the same thing to you, didn't he? Watch how stallions fight, its all bite in the face in the beginning. Abuse and unjustified, constant smacks make a horse headshy, not one reprimand for an extreme misbehavior.It goes without saying to avoid the eyes at all cost, but the end of the nose or the muzzle in general is a good spot to get his attention but not do any damage.
I don't like using a whip because horses are smart. The second you get rid of that whip, many regress right back to their old habits. Also, I make it a point not to use a training tool for punishment, a whip is meant to be an extension of my arm, not a smacker, many are not meant to be a smacker! Crops are, however, they are too short for my liking. If I'm going to hit a horse, its with my hand. Plus, I find it hard to get out of the way if needed with a sort stick or whip in my arms. Personal preference is probably most of my reason. However, I have a lot of experience with boss and aggressive horses. However, I work with livestock for a living - 100% of my income is with animals. Sorry, no horse is as intimidating to me as a 3000lb bull that wants me dead. I know what Im doing with my body language and the 4 or 5 times I've ever had to really hit a horse, its been for a reason just like you described; once was for charging me in a field, another was for hardcore I want you dead style biting, another was for trying to attack a horse I was leading (same one that charged in the field), once was for flirting with a mare and nearly running me over in the process, and the other was for striking me. All would be met with another horse biting back, or kicking. My 5 foot 1" self probably isnt going to hit as hard as another horse would kick with hind shoes on!.
When I first got my stallion, he had the kahonies to strike me once when I asked him to back up. That is a HUGE no no in my book. You do not intentionally try to hurt me I immediately kicked him in the chest, dug my nails into his nose hard enough ot get his attention but not leave a mark, and yelled in my voice that can back down a bull every 4 letter word in the book. Just like another stallion, I struck back, squealed, and bit him in the face! Whole ordeal lasted about a millisecond though. The look on his face was priceless, especially when I immediately went back to calmly asking him what I wanted like it never happened. Massive attitude adjustment came from it, and all his other disrespect issues magically stopped. Funny how that worked. Was it what the natural horsemanship junkies would've wanted? Nope. But no other stallion would shake a rope at him and play a "game." I put it in his language, just to make sure nothing got lost in translation.
The main point is to never stay mad. If I have to hit a horse, I drop it immediately after. Staying angry is just as scary to a horse as being hit! Remember, you are not "fighting" him, you are not "beating" him, you are a dignified disciplinarian and you must act like such!
You need a trainer. NO beginner can do it alone. Any that says they can is either creating a ton of problems, is lying, or doesn't care. Don't make excuses for him. Its time to be tougher. You will be hurt if you do not stop this behavior ASAP. You need to work on this behavior so you don't have to hit him and the problem doesnt keep coming up! I like showmanship for respect issues, as most of it is how responsive your horse it to getting out of your space. A horse that tries to hurt you isnt fun, and horses are for FUN!